However, when presented the same puzzle several days in a row, although he did not remember having seen the puzzle before, his speed at solving it became faster each day (because of relearning) (Corkin, 1965, 1968).įigure 2. and then you left the room for a few minutes, he would not know you upon your return and would introduce himself to you again. He also could not remember people he had met after his surgery. would read the same magazine over and over, having no memory of ever reading it-it was always new to him. The brain damage caused by his surgery resulted in anterograde amnesia. Many people with this form of amnesia are unable to form new episodic or semantic memories, but are still able to form new procedural memories (Bayley & Squire, 2002). This suggests that damage to the brain has resulted in the inability to transfer information from short-term to long-term memory that is, the inability to consolidate memories. The hippocampus is usually affected (McLeod, 2011). With anterograde amnesia, you cannot remember new information, although you can remember information and events that happened prior to your injury. Anterograde amnesia is commonly caused by brain trauma, such as a blow to the head. There are two common types of amnesia: anterograde amnesia and retrograde amnesia (Figure 1). The only exception is the experiences that, at any time, he has had in the last minute or two. His episodic amnesia covers his whole life, from birth to the present. The outstanding fact about K.C.’s mental make-up is his utter inability to remember any events, circumstances, or situations from his own life. suffered a traumatic head injury in a motorcycle accident and then had severe amnesia. Psychologist Tulving (2002) and his colleagues at the University of Toronto studied K.C. AmnesiaĪmnesia is the loss of long-term memory that occurs as the result of disease, physical trauma, or psychological trauma. There are several reasons why this happens. However, all of us have at times felt frustrated, and even embarrassed, when our memories have failed us. For the past few years he has gradually begun to experience language problems, disorganised thinking, personality changes and memory loss.You may pride yourself on your amazing ability to remember the birthdates and ages of all of your friends and family members, or you may be able recall vivid details of your 5th birthday party at Chuck E. Which of the following terms best describes what Lucy's grandmother is experiencing?Īrthur is 75 years old. Lucy's grandmother suffered a head injury from a car accident and has a difficult time recalling events that took place prior to the accident. Which of the following concepts best explains what Michael is experiencing? During the maths exam he can only remember the science exam material. He studies for the maths exam first because that is the first exam he is going to take. Michael is studying for his maths and science exams on the same night. Which theory of forgetting states that forgetfulness is due to the passage of time? Whom did Ebbinhaus conduct his nonsense syllables research on? Her ability to do this involves _ memory. Lisa was a witness to a crime and has been asked to identify the person she saw committing the crime. Your memory for the name of the Prime Minister is part of your Zaheer remembers the first time he drove his parents' car alone. Which of the following best describes this process? Anna now associates each location in her house with different items on the list. She forms an image of her house and mentally places each item on the list in different locations throughout her house. There will probably be no difference among the three groups.Īnna is attempting to remember a list of items on a shopping list. Based on what you have learned, which group would you expect to recall the most words? Group 3 is asked to rate the pleasantness of each word. Group 2 is asked to count the number of syllables in each word. Group 1 is asked count the letters of each word in the list. He randomly assigns participants to 3 groups. Davis is investigating the effects of elaborative rehearsal on recall of a list of words. Mark's performance is best described byĭr. When asked to recall the list of words, he is most successful in recalling items at the beginning and end of the list and not very successful at recalling those words in the middle of the list. Mark is attempting to remember a list of 20 words. According to Atkinson & Shiffrin’s model incoming visual and auditory information is initially processed in
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